Countries | Hunger and Nutrition Commitment Index Africa

Key data for Botswana

NCI18th HRCI12th HANCI11th

HANCI-Africa compares 45 African countries for their performance on 22 indicators of political commitment to reduce hunger and undernutrition. All the countries compared in the index have high rates of hunger and undernutrition. The comparative approach of the index means that country scores are calculated in relation to the political commitment of the other countries in the index.

1South Africa
2Burkina Faso
3Malawi
4Madagascar
4Rwanda
6Kenya
7Cape Verde

7Tanzania
9Tunisia
10Mali
11Botswana
12Benin
13Niger
13Zimbabwe

15Côte d’Ivoire
16Burundi
17Sierra Leone
18Ghana
19Zambia
20Gabon
20The Gambia

22Uganda
23Senegal
24Nigeria
25Egypt
26Ethiopia
27Congo, DR
28Mauritania

29Algeria
30Morocco
31Namibia
32Mozambique
33São Tomé and Príncipe
34Liberia
35Guinea

36Cameroon
37Lesotho
38Guinea‑Bissau
39Angola
39Chad
41Sudan
42Comoros

43Eswatini
44Togo
45Congo

Existing rates of: Stunting: 28.9% Wasting: 7.3% Proportion of population underweight: 7.3% Source: Government of Botswana (Botswana family health survey IV,2007)

Strong Performance

The Government of Botswana has ensured tenure security for rural populations. Land titling is common and land markets function well. Policy promotes equitable access to common property resources.
Policymakers in Botswana benefit from regular nutrition surveys that are statistically representative at national level. The last survey was published in 2017.
The Government has fully enshrined the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes into domestic law.
The Government of Botswana promotes complementary feeding practices.
96.9% of the population of Botswana in 2017 has access to an improved drinking water source.
In Botswana 94.1% of women aged 15-49 were visited at least once during pregnancy by skilled health personnel in 2007.
Botswana’s social safety nets are well developed, but do not cover all risks for all of the population.

Areas for improvement

Spending on agriculture (2.8% of public spending in 2019), does not meet government commitments set out in the African Union’s Maputo Declaration (10% of public spending).
Botswana’s spending in its health sector (14.3% of public spending in 2017) is close to, yet not fully meeting government commitments set out in the African Union’s Abuja Declaration (15% of public spending).
Extension services are the preserve of government and poor farmers have no say in setting policy priorities. The agricultural research and extension system is not properly reaching out to poor farmers. There is no policy promoting gender equity in access to extension services.
In Botswana, the law gives women and men equal economic rights and equal legal access to agricultural land. However, these laws are not effectively enforced and discriminatory practices against women continue, increasing their vulnerability to hunger and undernutrition.
Relative to other HANCI countries, Botswana’s medium/long term national development policy (National Development Plan 11) places weak importance to nutrition.
Botswana does not yet have a National Nutrition Policy/Strategy.
Botswana has not introduced a multisectoral and multistakeholder policy coordination mechanism to support delivery of the National Nutrition Policy/Strategy.
In Botswana, constitutional protection of the right to social security is weak.

Hunger Reduction Commitment Index (HRCI)

Public Spending	Score	Year	HRCI rank of 45
Public spending on agriculture as share of total public spending ? 2014-2019 government expenditures on agriculture as share of total government expenditures (Percentage) Green if >=10 Yellow if <10 and >=7.5 Red if <7.5 IFPRI (SPEED database), ReSAKSS calculations using IMF Government Statistics and African Union http://www.resakss.org/map https://www.ifpri.org/publication/2019-global-food-policy-report	2.8%	2019	Joint 29th
Public spending on health as share of total public spending ? 2017 government expenditure on health as a share of total government expenditure (Percentage) Green if >=15 Yellow if <15 and >=11.25 Red if <11.25 WHO Global Health Observatory Data Repository https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.HEALTHFINANCING	14.3%	2017	3rd

Policies	Score	Year	HRCI rank of 45
Access to land (security of tenure) ? 2005-2019 Assesses the existence of an institutional, legal and market framework for secure land tenure and the procedure for land acquisition and accessibility to all. The Ratings Scale goes from 6 (high) through 1 (low), as follows: 6 - Good for an 3 years 5 - Good 4 - Moderately Satisfactory 3 - Moderately Unsatisfactory 2 - Unsatisfactory 1 - Unsatisfactory for 3 years Green if >=4 Yellow if between 2.99 AND 4 Red if <=2.99 The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) https://www.ifad.org/documents/38714170/41133079/Annex_A.pdf	Strong	2016	Joint 3rd
Access to agricultural research and extension services ? 2004-2019 This indicator assesses to what extent the agricultural research and extension system is accessible to poor farmers, including women farmers, and is responsive to the needs and priorities of the poor farmers. Coding is done in the same manner as for the ‘security of access to land’ indicator. Green if >=4 Yellow if between 2.99 AND 4 Red if <=2.99 The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) https://www.ifad.org/documents/38714170/41133079/Annex_A.pdf	Weak	2007	37th
Civil registration system — coverage of live births ? 2010-2019 Percentage of children under five years of age who were registered at the moment of the survey. Green if >=90 Yellow if between 70 AND 90 Red if <=70 UNICEF: DHS/MICS https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/birth-registration/	87.5%	2017	10th
Functioning of social protection systems ? 2018-2020 10 = Social safety nets are comprehensive. 7 = Social safety nets are well developed, but do not cover all risks for all strata of the population. 4 = Social safety nets are rudimentary and cover only few risks for a limited number of beneﬁciaries. 1 = Social safety nets do not exist. Green if >=7 Yellow if between 3 AND 6 Red if <=2 Transformation Index of the Bertelsmann Stiftung (BTI) http://www.bti-project.org/en/home/	Strong	2018	1st

Laws	Score	Year	HRCI rank of 45
Level of constitutional protection of the right to food ? 2014-2019 Strong = 3 Explicit all citizens, specific groups or incorporated under living standards AND/OR Ratified international law (automatically assigned equal status as constitutional law) Moderate = 2 Implicit as part of a broader right in constitutional law. Weak = 1 Directive Principle (not justiceable) OR Likely or confirmed equality of ratified international lay to national legislation Green if 3 Yellow if 2 Red if 1 FAO information paper and FAO web database on Right to Food (FAOLEX). http://www.fao.org/docrep/016/ap554e/ap554e.pdf ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/010/a0511e/a0511e00.pdf http://www.fao.org/faolex/country-profiles/en/	Moderate	2017	Joint 8th
Equality of women’s access to agricultural land ? 2015-2019 Score based on women’s legal rights and de facto rights to own and/or access agricultural land. Value based on the following scale: 1: Women and men have the same legal rights and secure access to land assets, without legal exceptions regarding some groups of women. Customary, religious and traditional laws or practices do not discriminate against women’s legal rights. 0.75: Women and men have the same legal rights and secure access to land assets, without legal exceptions regarding some groups of women. However, some customary, religious or traditional practices or laws discriminate against women’s legal right. 0.5: Women and men have the same legal rights and secure access to land assets. However, this does not apply to all groups of women. 0.25: Women and men have the same legal rights to own land assets; but not to use, make decisions and/or use land assets as collateral. 0: Women do not have the same legal rights as men to own land assets (note: in HANCI calculation, the scoring used in the original source is reversed for consistency) Green if 1 Yellow if 0.5 Red if 0 Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI) accessed via OECD’s Gender, Institutions and Development Database (GID-DB) https://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx?datasetcode=GIDDB2019	In Law, not in Practice	2019	Joint 27th
Equality of women’s economic rights ? 2019 The extent to which women have equal economic rights in law and in practice. 0: there were no economic rights for women in law and systematic discrimination based on sex may have been built into law. 1: women had some economic rights under law, but these rights were not effectively enforced. 2: women had some economic rights under law, and the government effectively enforced these rights in practice while still allowing a low level of discrimination against women in economic matters. 3: all or nearly all of women’s economic rights were guaranteed by law and the government fully and vigorously enforces these laws in practice. Green if 3 Yellow if 1 OR 2 Red if 0 The Cingranelli-Richards (CIRI) Human Rights Data Project http://www.humanrightsdata.com/	In Law, not in Practice	2019	Joint 9th
Constitutional right to social security ? 1996-2019 The Constitution clearly references a right to social security (see Annex II of the source document). 0= No; 1=Yes Red if 0 Green if 1 FAO information paper and other sources ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/010/a0511e/a0511e00.pdf	No	2015	Joint 26th

Nutrition Commitment Index (NCI)

Public Spending	Score	Year	NCI rank of 45
Separate budget for nutrition ? 2017-2019 0 = no budgets or where no confirming information could be found; 0.5 = sectoral budgets for nutrition; 1 = separate budget line for nutrition Red if 0 Green if 1 SUN Compendium of fiches; IDS Nutrition Governance; Save the Children Nutrition Barometer; WHO Landscape Analysis; Global Nutrition Report (N4G tracking tables). http://globalnutritionreport.org/the-report/nutrition-for-growth-tracking-tables/ http://scalingupnutrition.org/	Sectoral only	2019	Joint 16th

Policies	Score	Year	NCI rank of 45
Vitamin A supplementation coverage for children ? 1996-2018 The percentage of children aged 6-59 months who received 2 high doses of vitamin A supplements within the last year. Green if >=90 Yellow if between 70 AND 90 Red if <=70 MICS Indicators, UNICEF field offices and WHO, author calculations based on government data https://data.unicef.org/topic/nutrition/vitamin-a-deficiency/	86%	2018	14th
Government promotes complementary feeding ? 2010-2019 Whether governments promote complementary feeding practices of children aged 6–9 months and continued breastfeeding of children at ages 12–15 and 20–23 months. 0 = no; 1= yes Red if 0 Green if 1 Sun Reports; world breast feeding trends initiative http://worldbreastfeedingtrends.org/ http://scalingupnutrition.org/	Yes	2010	Joint 1st
Population with access to an improved water source ? 2017-2019 The percentage of population with access to an improved drinking-water source. Green if >=90 Yellow if between 70 AND 90 Red if <=70 Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for water supply and Sanitation - WHO/UNICEF https://washdata.org/data	96.9%	2017	4th
Population with access to improved sanitation ? 2016-2019 The percentage of population with access to improved sanitation facilities not shared with other households. Green if >=90 Yellow if between 70 AND 90 Red if <=70 Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for water supply and Sanitation - WHO/UNICEF https://washdata.org/data	77.3%	2017	5th
Health care visits for pregnant women ? 2007-2019 Percentage of women aged 15–49 years attended at least once during pregnancy by skilled health personnel (doctor, nurse or midwife) Green if >=90 Yellow if between 70 AND 90 Red if <=70 UNICEF: DHS/MICS http://data.unicef.org/	94.1%	2007	17th
Nutrition features in national development policy ? 2019 The total count of key search terms in a selected policy document divided by the number of pages in the document. Search terms: nutritio.; undernutrition/under-nutrition; malnutrition/mal-nutrition nutrient; diet.; stunt.; wasting/wasted; short-for-age; short for age; height-for-age; height for age; weight-for-age; weight for age; weight for height; weight-for-height; Underweight; under-weight; Low birth weight; Thinness; Micro-nutrient; micronutrient; 1000 days; one thousand days; Breastfeed.; Behavior change; behaviour change; Iron deficiency anaemi/anemi; Zinc; Deworm; de-worm; Vitamin A; Supplementary feed; complementary feed. Green if rank is >=31 Yellow if rank is 16 to 30 Red if rank is <=15 web-based searches.	Weak	2017-2023	33rd
National Nutrition Policy/Strategy ? 2019 Whether a national nutrition policy, plan or strategy exists. 1: Yes 0:No Red if 0 Green if 1 EIU Global Food Security Index http://foodsecurityindex.eiu.com/	No	2019	Joint 33rd
Multisector and multistakeholder policy coordination ? 2019 Whether a multisectoral and multistakeholder coordination mechanism exists: 0 = no; 1 = yes Red if 0 Green if 1 SUN fiches/Country docs and unpublished SUN country documents http://scalingupnutrition.org/	No	2019	Joint 36th
Time bound nutrition targets ? 2019 Whether governments identify time bound nutrition targets in public policy documents: 0= no; 1 = yes Red if 0 Green if 1 SUN Movement Annual Progress Reports; Global Nutrition Report http://globalnutritionreport.org/ http://scalingupnutrition.org/	Yes	2019	Joint 1st
National nutrition survey in last 3 years ? 2005-2020 Has there been a Demographic and Health Survey / Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey /comparable national nutrition survey in the past three years? 1: Yes if the survey was dated 2013 or thereafter, or currently underway. 0: No new survey undertaken after 2013. Red if 0 Green if 1 UNICEF, DHS and national nutrition surveys http://dhsprogram.com/data/available-datasets.cfm http://mics.unicef.org/surveys	Yes	2017	Joint 1st

Laws	Score	Year	NCI rank of 45
Enshrine ICBMS in domestic law ? 2019 The extent to which the International Code for Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes is enshrined in law. 4 = ICBMS is fully in law. 3 = Many provisions of ICBMS are in law. 2 = Few provisions are in law. 1 = No legal measures. Green if 4 Yellow if 2 or 3 Red if 1 ‘Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes: National Implementation of the International Code, Status Report 2018.’ https://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/infantfeeding/code_report2018/en/	Fully Enshrined	2019	Joint 1st